Industry Decarbonisation Partnership Projects SKC 2018-10-17 Anders Wik …

Fossil free within one generation

Industry and transports – 2/3 of Swedish GHG emissions 52.9 Mton 16.9 Mton Source: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Basic industry and Vattenfall cooperate to drastically reduce CO2 emissions – with electricity Raw materials High performing steel Iron ore Processing Limestone High performing cement Renewable liquid drop-in fuels Biomass Products with close to no carbon footprint Wind Renewable electricity (hydrogen) Hydro Target: 70% of Sweden’s industrial CO2 emissions Solar Renewable energy Natural resources

Partnership projects

1. Fossil free steel with SSAB/LKAB Project manager: Nicklas Simonsson

HYBRIT main challenges Develop an effective process to use 100% hydrogen on an industrial scale. Produce hydrogen in an energy-efficient way so that it is economically justifiable. 15-20 TWh/yr fossil free electricity needed if fully converted

Fossil free steel with SSAB/LKAB

HYBRIT project

HYBRIT pilot plant phase 1a Pre-engineering ongoing Location Luleå & Malmbarget DRI: ~1 ton/h H2: ~600-700 Nm3/h (~3-4 MWe) Steel(EAF): ~8 ton/batch Total investment incl. tests ~150 M€ 60% by SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall 40% by Swedish Energy Agency (pending) Time schedule Start groundwork summer 2018 Commissioning early 2020 Test campaigns 2020-2024 Pellets Direct reduction Malmberget Luleå Electrolysis El. arc furnace 2019-07-24 Confidentiality – Critical (C4), High (C3), Medium (C2), None (C1) 10 Pelletsugn i Malmberget DRI + H2 vid SSAB Ljusbågugn utvärderas hos Mefos Budgeten gäller 6 år 2018-2024 => ca 100 MSEK/år från Energimyndigheten EAF = Electric Arc Furnace

HYBRIT pilot plant phase 1a – example of test objectives Pellets Pellet product quality Combustion behaviour and emissions DRI + H2 Validation reduction mechanisms at 100% H2 Test of different carbon addition alternatives Production of DRI & HBI with varying C-content for evaluation of product quality and EAF operation Heat integration and reduction gas heating Technology validation of electrolysers Steel (electrical arc furnace) Impact of DRI & HBI on melting efficiency Slagging mechanisms Final steel product quality 2019-07-24 Confidentiality – Critical (C4), High (C3), Medium (C2), None (C1) Pelletsugnar eldas idag med kol och olja. Piloten ska utvärdera alternativet att elda med biomassa istället. DRI = Direct Reduction Iron HBI = Hot Bricked Iron (för att underlätta transport längre sträckor utan oxidation framställs bricketter)

Hydrogen storage – a key to enable a very high share of renewables + 50 Hz - H2 Conversion ElHydrogen (Electrolysis) Hydrogen consumption in industry Power generation Power grid Power Consumption Hydrogen storage

2. CemZero: Fossil free cement with Cementa Project manager: Magnus Eriksson CO2 Electricity Fuels Limestone, CaCO3 Cement, CaO Target: Zero CO2-emissions by 2030

 Recommendations and a clear CemZero Road map PRE FEASIBILITY STUDY PILOT DEMO FULL SCALE 2018 2–3 years 2030 PRE FEASIBILITY STUDY Mapping of technologies, selection of concept. Evaluation of selected technologies. Energy and electricity analysis. Business analysis. (Pre feasibility study co-founded by the Swedish Energy Agency)  Recommendations and a clear strategy for further development.

CemZero: Primary concepts to evaluate Plasma Electrical element Microwaves Electrical gas heater Pre-heater, calciner kiln X Direct separation reactor, DSR Shaft kiln 1 2 3 1 2 3 Parallellt projekt i Norge, elektrifiering av kalcineringssteget Ca 80 MW. Kalcineringstemp ca 900 grader Plasma bildas i bärgasen (typiskt luft, men här vill man använda CO2 för att bl a slippa NOx) 3-5000 grader DSR: Calix involverad i Horizon2020-projekt i Belgien. Heidelberg Cement involverad. Används idag i Australien för Magnesiumoxid, men lägre temperatur än för CaCO3. Pulvret ramlar ner med ca 1 m/s (i snitt) Plasma: Värm gasen utanför det blå röret El-element: 1100 – 1800 grader, värmer röret direkt Microvågor: Partiklarna inuti röret tar upp värmen. Elecrical gas heater: Istället för naturgas. Värmer upp gasen (troligen luft) till ca 1100 grader via el och låter den värma rörets utsida Shaft kiln (Schaktugn): Används för kalkugnar, men kommer knappast att funka för cement (kommer inte att gå vidare)

3. Fossil free diesel with Preem Project manager: Anders Wik 10-20 pulp mill sites 1-2 refinery sites Pre-refining Refining Pulp mills Lignin oil Wood Diesel/HVO (Drop-in) Lignin 3 Million m3/yr (30 TWh/yr) Hydrogen production Hydrogen production Electricity: 1.5-2 TWh/yr Electricity: 1.5-2 TWh/yr Target: 3 Mm3/year by 2030