1 EMSAs og EUs påvirkning av norsk sjøsikkerhets- regulering Henrik Ringbom, Head of Sector, Environment protection, liability and compensation

2 Innehåll Om Norge och EU Om internationell reglering av sjöfarten EUs sjösäkerhetslagstiftning EMSAs roll Sammanfattning

3 Ett norskt perspektiv Regleringsnivå EU påverkar Norge Norge påverkar EU Specialarrangemang inom sjöfarten (KOM) (COSS, EMSA styrelse) EP, Ministerrådet: nej Policynivå Koordinering etc. från fall till fall (N vanligen med) EMSA möten inkluderar Norge Generellt: N måste berättiga sin plats  arbetsdrygt Hittills: påverkan klart högre än formell status

4 Internationell reglering av sjöfarten Tradition av internationell/global reglering – global näring – praktiska hänsyn – konkurrenshänsyn IMOs exklusiva roll har stöd i UNCLOS – flaggstatsjurisdiktion – kuststater har begränsad lagstiftnings- och verkställighetsjurisdiktion – hamnstatsbegreppet

5 Allmänt om EUs sjösäkerhetslagstiftning – En sjösäkerhetspolicy sedan 1993 – Nu omkring 40 direktiv och förordningar – Hamnstatskontroll – Klassificeringssällskap – Tekniska krav på fartyg (oljetankers konstruktion, säkerhet för passengerar & fiskefartyg, lastning/lossning av of bulk fartyg) – ‘Human element’ (ISM, STCW, arbetstid) – Miljöregler (avfallshantering i hamnar, TBT, svavel i bränsle, sanktioner för utsläpp) – Trafikövervakning (VTMIS) – Ansvarsregler (förslag, förorening, passageraransvar)

6 FlaggstatKust-/hamnstat Öppet hav 5 1 EEZ 3 Terr. Hav Inre vatten, hamnar17

Competing with international rules Complementing international rules by regional rules Making non- binding int’l rules mandatory in EU Implementing international rules ● 95/21 (PSC) ● 94/58 (STCW) ● 98/18* ● 1999/95 (ILO 180) * = Requirements for passenger ships under the ‘host State’ umbrella. ● 3051/95 (ISM) ● 97/70 (SFV) ● 782/2003 (AFS) ● 2005/33 (SOx) ● 2001/96 (BLU) ● 2000/59 (PRF) ● 725/2004 (ISPS) ● 98/41 (Pax.reg.) ● 1999/35* ● 2003/25* ● 1726/2003 (DH) ● 2002/59 (VDR) ● 93/75 (Hazmat) ● 336/2006 (ISM) ● 2005/35 (sanctions)

Criminal sanctions Refusal of access to EU ports Conditions for operating pax. ship services Detention + banning Detention Pre-departure obligations Control ● 95/21 (PSC) ● 94/58 (STCW) ● 98/18 (SOLAS) ● 1999/95 (ILO 180) ● 98/25 (ISM) ● 97/70 (SFV) ●(?) 782/2003 (AFS) ●(?) 2005/33 (SOx) ● 2001/96 (BLU) ● 2000/59 (PRF) ● 725/2004 (ISPS) ● 1999/35 (licensing) ● 2003/25 (Ro-ro stability) ● 1726/2003 (DH) ● 2001/106 (PSC, VDR) ● 93/75 (Hazmat) ● 336/2006 (ISM) ● 2005/35 ● 417/2002 (DH) ● 3051/95 (ISM) ● 2001/25 (STCW)

9 Coastal State prescription Implementing international rules Going beyond international rules (IMO/UNCLOS) DischargeNavigationalCDEMOthers Dir. 2005/35 (deliberate discharges) Dir. 2005/35 (discharges coused by serious negligence) Dir. 2005/33 (SOx for North Sea & passenger ships) Dir. 2002/59 (Reporting), Dir. 2002/59 (Routeing) Dir. 2002/59 (VTS) (PSSAs) ( National measures to expel SH tankers) Dir. 2002/59 (Incident reporting Dir. 2002/59 Intervention in case of accidents) (Proposed insurance requirements in EEZ)

10 EMSA - General Established by Regulation (EC) 1406/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27th June 2002 (twice amended). No (direct) regulatory role Within the fields of maritime safety, pollution prevention from ships and ship security, EMSA has the following main tasks: –To provide technical advice to the Commission and Member States with a view to ensuring the proper implementation of EU maritime legislation –To foster technical cooperation between Member States and disseminate best practices –To provide operational capabilities, in particular to top-up Member States’ capabilities for oil pollution response

11 Growth of the Agency

12 EMSA Structure

13 EMSA Tasks Safety Assessments, Inspections EMSA Audits are an important tool for ensuring proper implementation of EU maritime legislation and include: Assessments of EU recognised classification societies Visits to Member States administrations to verify implementation Assessments of maritime education and training systems in third countries Assistance to the Commission on security inspections

14 EMSA Tasks Common positions – Convergence in minds and policies EMSA fosters the further development of the common maritime safety policy by : studies and scientific reports to the Commission, including advice on new legislation organising workshops with Member States, Commission and industry on policy issues of common interest coordinating the technical development of major projects of common interest (for ex: SafeSeaNet)

15 EMSA Tasks Operational tasks: pollution response & satellite monitoring The EMSA Board adopted a detailed action plan on pollution response in October 2004 Priority is to increase the available response capacity for large tanker spills of heavy oil EMSA to conclude stand-by contracts with operators of commercial vessels that can be converted rapidly into response vessels Identify polluters at sea by means of satellite imaging

16 Sammanfattningsvis Komplementerande, snarare än konkurrerande, regleringsskikt (IMO-EU-EMSA-MS) Juridiskt perspektiv: friktion ja, konflikter nej (för klarhet borde EG bli part i IMOs konventioner) Politiskt perspektiv: ‘new kid on the block’ Diskussion