Verksamhets- och affärssystem Att integrera verksamheten genom informationssystemet INFORMATIONSFLÖDE Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Transfer Vendor Manufacturing Distribution Store Customer MATERIALFLÖDE

Verksamhets- och affärssystem Transfer Customer Vendor Manufacturing Distribution Store Att integrera verksamheten genom informations- systemet Kunder Partners Företaget

Kursinnehåll Enterprise Modelling Enterprise Application - Goal Modelling - Analysis Patterns - FLBC - REA Enterprise Application Integration - Message Brokers - Process Integration Enterprise Systems - Functionality - Architecture

Systemaspekter MÅL uttrycker önskvärda tillstånd hos styr påverkar HAND- LINGAR OBJEKT

Architectural Patterns Context Designing a living room Problem Making people feel comfortable Forces People want to sit down People want to be close to the light Solution Put a sitting place close to the windows

Design Patterns Context Developing software with a human-computer interface Problem Interfaces vary often Forces Easy to modify the interface Modifying the interface should not impact the application logic Solution Model-View-Controller

A Design Pattern - MVC Model core data notify getData View myModel display update Controller myView handleEvent update

Properties of Patterns Address recurring problems Document well-proven experience Specify abstract solutions

Analysis Patterns A person is employed in an organisation for a period Employment Organisation Period of Time A person is employed in an organisation for a period of time.

Analysis Patterns A person has a certain management role for Organisation Period of Time A person has a certain management role for a period of time.

Analysis Patterns Two people are married for a period of time. Marriage Person Period of Time Two people are married for a period of time.

Accountability Pattern Name ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE ACCOUNTABILITY From To TIME PERIOD 1 * 1 * * * commissioner Name Address PARTY responsible 1 1 PERSON ORGANISATION

Accountability Pattern The Accountability Pattern can be used to model situations where there exists a relationship of responsibility between two parties: - Employment - Order - Contract - Membership - Offering ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE specifies different kinds of accountability. In an employment context, it could contain: permanent employment, project employment, time limited employment, etc. ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE ACCOUNTABILITY PARTY

Accountability :Time period from = 970101 to = 001231 :Accountability type name = permanent :Accountability commissioner responsible :Person name = ‘Peter’ :Organisation name = ‘IBM’ This instance diagram states that Peter is employed by IBM 970101 - 001231.

Hierarchy Pattern The Hierarchy Pattern is used to describe situations where certain objects are subordinated to other objects. COUNTRY USA STATE Washington California Massachusetts Seattle San Francisco Los Angeles Boston CITY

Measurable Properties A person may have a large number of properties that are quantitative. PERSON Name Blood pressure Weight Length Age Shoe size Temperature IQ EQ Representing all these properties in a schema can make it exceedingly large.

Measurement Pattern Phenomenon type Object Measurement Quantity 1 * 1 * 1 Object Measurement * Quantity The Measurement Pattern enables a compact representation of quantitative properties. A measurement measures the quantity of a phenomenon type for a certain object.

Measurement Pattern :Phenomenon type name = temperature :Quantity unit = Celsius value = 37.5 :Object name = ‘Peter’ :Measurement date = 000101 This instance diagram states that Peter has the temperature 37.5 degrees Celsius 000101.

Category Observation Phenomenon type Category observation Object Some properties are not quantitative, but rather classify objects into different groups, for example the gender or nationality of a person. Phenomenon type 1 * 1 * 1 Category observation * Object Category

:Category observation :Phenomenon type name = gender :Category value = male :Object name = ‘Peter’ :Category observation date = 000101 This instance diagram states that Peter has the gender male 000101.

Observation Pattern Phenomenon type Object Observation Category Measurements and category obser-vations can be combined into one pattern. Phenomenon type 1 * 1 * Object Observation Category observation Measurement * * 1 1 Quantity Category

Action Pattern An action is carried out by a party at a certain point in time at a certain location. PARTY TIME POINT ACTION LOCATION An action may be only proposed or it may be implemented, i.e. carried out. PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION

Action Pattern :Time point date = 990101 time = 2.00 a.m. :Time point :Proposed action name = surgery :Person name = ‘Peter’ :Implemented action name = ‘surgery :Location room = C608 :Location room = C604

Booking Using this simple booking schema, we can express that different resources are booked for different time intervals. In some situations, we do not want to book a specific resource, but rather a general resource type. For example, we only state that we want to book an anaesthesia nurse, it does not matter who. In other cases, we really want to book a specific nurse, say Ed Wallen. BOOKING From To * for 1 RESOURCE

Assets and other Resources Some resources are consumed in an activity, e.g. in a surgery blood plasma is consumed. Other resources are not consumed in an activity but can be reused. For example, a nurse is not consumed in a surgery.

Resource Allocation Pattern RESOURCE TYPE ASSET TYPE ASSET 1 * 1 1 * TEMPORAL RESOURCE RESOURCE ALLOCATION From To Quantity 1 * GENERAL RA SPECIFIC RA *

Resource Allocation Three bags of blood plasma are allocated - we do not care which ones. Peter is allocated for two hours. :Asset Type name = Nurse :Asset name = ‘Peter’ :Resource Type name = Blood plasma :Temporal Resource from = 0101, 04 to = 0101, 06 :General RA quantity 3 :Specific RA

Exercise The Resource Allocation Pattern has a number of limitations. Identify these and construct an extension of the pattern that overcomes these limitations. Consider whether it would be worthwhile to have several variants of the pattern to cover different situations.

Action and Resource Allocation A proposed action books resources, while an implemented action uses resources. ACTION PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION RESOURCE ALLOCATION uses books

Plans The simplest way to model a plan is to say that it consists of a number of proposed actions. Example: Plan for dinner party consists of buying food, cooking, and making the table. One limitation of this model is that we cannot express dependencies between proposed actions, i.e. that certain actions have to be performed before others. PLAN * contains * PROPOSED ACTION

Plan Pattern By adding a type ACTION REFERENCE, we can express precedence relationships among proposed actions in a plan. We can also add descriptions of the role of an action within a plan, e.g. whether it is optional or not. PLAN 1 contains * ACTION REFERENCE * precedes 1 PROPOSED ACTION

Subtypes VEHICLE CAR BOAT TRUCK BIKE One way to show different categories is to introduce a number of subtypes. However, such a solution may result in a very large schema.

Powertypes VEHICLE TYPE would have instances such as: Car, Truck, Boat, Bike, MC, Aeroplane, ... VEHICLE TYPE 1 * VEHICLE would have instances such as: abc123 (which is a Car), vv22 (which is a Boat), ... VEHICLE

Applying Analysis Patterns 1. Identify the analysis patterns of the domain 2. Modify each analysis pattern: - Change names of classes and relationships - Remove classes and relationships 3. Integrate the modified patterns

Övning - Blodprovstagning En person kallas till blodprovstagning på en viss klinik vid en viss tidpunkt. För att blodprovet skall kunna genomföras behövs engångssprutor, bomullstussar och en sköterska. Blodprovet visar hur många röda resp. vita blodkroppar som finns i blodet, samt om personen har gulsot, diabetes, eller någon annan sjukdom.

Identifiera mönster En person tar blodprov - Action Pattern Sprutor m.m. behövs - Resource Allocation Pattern Provresultatet - Observation Pattern

Action Pattern An action is carried out by a party at a certain point in time at a certain location. PARTY TIME POINT ACTION LOCATION An action may be only proposed or it may be implemented, i.e. carried out. PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION

Resource Allocation Pattern RESOURCE TYPE ASSET TYPE ASSET 1 * 1 1 * TEMPORAL RESOURCE RESOURCE ALLOCATION From To Quantity 1 * GENERAL RA SPECIFIC RA *

Observation Pattern Phenomenon type Object Observation Category Measurements and category obser-vations can be combined into one pattern. Phenomenon type 1 * 1 * Object Observation Category observation Measurement * * 1 1 Quantity Category

FÖRBRUKNINGSMATERIAL FENOMENTYP PERSON OBSERVATION KLINIK TIDPUNKT BLODMÅTT KAT. OBSERVATION KVANTITET KATEGORI BLODPROVS- PLANERING BLODPROVSTAGNING FÖRBRUKNINGSMATERIAL SKÖTERSKA SKÖTERSKE-SLOT GENERELL RA SPECIFIK RA

Purpose of Goal Models Describing the goals of an enterprise Showing how the goals are interrelated Finding problems that hinder goal fulfilment Finding opportunities that facilitate goal fulfilment

A Goal Model A Goal Model for a Library Goal2: To minimise library costs hinders Goal1: To provide advanced services to customers supports supports Opportunity1: Advanced ICT supports Goal4: To main- tain high stock availability Goal3: To deliver items electro- nically Problem1: Intellectual Property Rights hinders

Components of a Goal Model A desired state supports hinders conflicts Problem A state of affairs that may hinder a goal Two goals conflict if the fulfilment of one goal makes it impossible to fulfil the other, and vice versa Opportunity A state of affairs that may support a goal

An Example Goal 1: To sell at low prices Goal 3: To get a luxury product image Goal 2: To keep production costs down Goal 3: To improve product quality

An Example Goal 1: To sell at low prices Goal 3: To get a luxury product image conflicts supports supports Goal 2: To keep production costs down Goal 3: To improve product quality hinders

Goal Decomposition AND-decomposition Goal 1: To build a high quality restaurant Goal 2: To find appropriate facilities Goal 3: To hire a good chef Goal 4: To establish agree- ments with suppliers Goal 5: To identify a number of good chefs Goal 6: To design an offer that attracts a good chef

Goal Decomposition OR-decomposition Goal 1: To build an unusual restaurant Goal 2: To put the rest. under water Goal 3: To serve strange food Goal 4: To make a strange interior decoration Goal 5: To serve ... Goal 6: To serve ...

En övning : Höja kraven på examinationen : Examinera fler studenter : Ungdomskullarna minskar : Ge bättre under- visning : Öka genomström- ningen : Få fler sökande : Anställa bra lärare : IT-bubblan är borta

En övning Presidentkandidaten Pelle ställer upp i ett val. Hans främsta motståndare är Eva. Konstruera en målmodell för följande: Att vinna valet Att få stöd från EU-anhängare Att få stöd från EU-kritiker Att svärta ned motståndaren Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort Eva har använt svarta kreditkort Att ha många reklaminslag i tv Budgeten är begränsad Få finansiellt stöd från storföretag Skaffa en image som oberoende Skaffa en image som hedervärd

Goal1: Att vinna valet Goal2: Att få stöd från EU-anhängare Goal3: Att få stöd från EU-kritiker supports conflicts Goal7: Att svärta ned motståndaren Opportunity1: Eva har använt svarta kreditkort supports Goal4: Skaffa en image som oberoende hinders supports Goal9: Att ha en stor budget Goal6: Att ha många reklaminslag i tv Goal8: Att få stöd från storföretag supports Goal5: Skaffa en image som hedervärd Problem1: Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort supports hinders