Research on the high- latitude middle atmosphere dynamics clouds and aerosol particles trace gases Professor Sheila Kirkwood and colleagues IRF-Kiruna.

En presentation över ämnet: "Research on the high- latitude middle atmosphere dynamics clouds and aerosol particles trace gases Professor Sheila Kirkwood and colleagues IRF-Kiruna."— Presentationens avskrift:

1 Research on the high- latitude middle atmosphere dynamics clouds and aerosol particles trace gases Professor Sheila Kirkwood and colleagues IRF-Kiruna (68°N 21°E)

2 Main Recent Results : a) Instruments and techniques

3 ESRAD MST RADAR Running since July 1996

4 troposphere summer mesopause

5 DESCARTES CFC sampler 34 successful flights 1997-2000 accurate calibration (ongoing) Arvelius, Dagnesjö, Nilsson, Rosmark

6 Millimeter wave radiometer - running since January 2002 (O 3, ClO, N 2 O, HNO 3 ) Raffalski

7 LIDAR Running since February 2004 Stebel, Nikulin, Voelger

8 New techniques to use EISCAT radar facility - VHF and HEATING

9 PMSE with EISCAT VHF - turned off by HEATING Belova,Chilson, Rietveld

10 Main Recent Results : a) Published Scientific Work

11 Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) - a well known feature of the summer high-latitude mesosphere ESRAD 52 MHZ radar

12 Modulation of PMSE by (electron) HEATING has a very short time constant (7-14 ms) which can be explained if the effect is due to enhanced electron diffusion from a previously supressed state in the presence of charged dust Belova,Chilson, Rietveld

13 Planetary waves modulate PMSE (at high-latitude) - evidence that the waves are (unexpectedly) a substantial source of temperature fluctuations at the SUMMER mesospause

14 Foto :Hans Nilsson

15 Noctilucent clouds - the number of nights when they are seen from NW Europe varies from year to year in a ~10 year cycle -but contrary to previous reports, it has NO trend

16 The occurrence of mid-latitude noctilucent clouds correlates with planetary wave amplitude and phase in the stratosphere - but in a way which suggests a transport effect rather than a direct temperature effect A correlation of stationary planetary wave phase with the phase of the solar cycle can partly explain the 10-year NLC cycle

17 Noctilucent cloud trajectories at ~82 km altitude - controlled by planetary-wave winds which shift in phase in 5-day, 16-day and decadal cycles Wave maximum over W.AtlanticWave maximim over E. Canada temperature

18 Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes (PMWE) - a less well known feature of the winter high-latitude mesosphere - at times almost as strong as PMSE -here during a strong solar proton event 09 Nov 2000

19 PMWE are too strong to be explained by even very strong turbulence turbulence observations Theory 0.5 dB 4 dB All 70 km 100 mW/kg

20 PMWE occur at heights where no turbulence should be present ( 17 January 2003 MaCWAVE meteorological rocket comparison)

21 PMWE correlate with anomalies in lidar backscatter profiles - which may indicate a role for charged aerosol particles in PMWE as in PMSE

22 Main Recent Results : c) Preliminary scientific results not yet ready for publication :

23 The last minimum in the 10-year cycle in noctilucent clouds (mid-latitude) was accompanied by a minimum in PMSE (high-latitude)

24 Details of the PMSE minimum suggest an indirect dynamic cause

25 34 m 20 m ESRAD INTERFEROMETRIC ANTENNA 1 2 3 4 5 6 100 ms - new evidence that infrasonic waves strongly modulate radar echo power

26 Future Plans : a) New work already initiated

27 Further studies of PMWE / PMSE using ESRAD, EISCAT, Lidar (Alomar, U. Bonn) Magic ?, Odin ?, Envisat ?

28 Planetary wave studies with ODIN plus meteorological databases (UKMO) In relation to noctilucent clouds /PMSE And the middle-atmosphere extension of the NAO/AO

29 New work on troposphere / lower stratosphere processes using radar and lidar including new cooperation with the nearby Finnish GAW station (Pallas)

30 Future Plans : a) Ideas dependent on future funding

31 Mobile radar ?

32 Swedish - Finnish Antarctic Stations Wasa / Aboa

33 Mobile MST Radar ? FMI/Univ. Helsinki Aerosol instruments Mini-MAX DOAS ?

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35 Organisational Aspects :

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37 FORSKNINGSSTRATEGIER 2005+ Institutet för rymdfysik IRF ska bedriva grundläggande forskning och medverka i forskarutbildning i rymdfysik, atmosfärfysik och rymdteknik samt stödja exploateringen av tillämpningsmöjligheter för att därigenom förse samhället med ny kunskap. IRF ska dessutom: som en del i ett globalt nätverk, bedriva observatorieverksamhet i rymdfysik och atmosfärfysik samt registrera och rapportera trender av betydelse för den långsiktigautvecklingen av jordens närmiljö som bas för vetenskapliga och politiska beslut. IRF:s forskningsfronter IRF:s atmosfärfysikprogram kan ses som ett svar på senare års starka internationella intresse för atmosfär- och klimatforskning. Denna forskning har fått stor betydelse för inte minst Kiruna, där sedan tio år tillbaka en febril internationell forskningsaktivitet råder. Sveriges geografiska läge och den goda infrastruktur som finns i Kiruna har varit av avgörande betydelse för denna internationella satsning.” IRF:s forskningsprogram Nedan ges en sammanfattning av forskningsprogrammens huvudinriktningar. Atmosfärfysik fortsatt grundforskning om globala atmosfärs- och klimatprocesser, såväl naturliga som antropogena ökade insatser inom dataanalys, som utnyttjar globala observationer tillsammans med egna lokala. Extracts from our institutes strategy document -----

38 IRF Atmosfärfysikprogram